The charter grants Hudson Bay Company access to British colonized lands, so King Charles claims all of the lands of present-day Canada for his cousin, Rupert. This includes parts of current-day Minnesota and North Dakota. The company initially attempts to tap into Indigenous trade markets.

Hudson Bay Company is a central player in the spread of smallpox and other European diseases throughout Indigenous communities, including the people of Basquia and Pegogamaw Cree among many others, killing "not just individuals but also cultures and sometimes even entire communities" (Gismondi, 2020). The Hudson Bay Company employs their own surgeons and doctors.