In Working the Roots (2014), Michelle E. Lee writes: "the Atlantic slave trade...blew away the old divisions among the captives crossing the ocean in the Middle Passage–family, tribe, kingdom, and language differences–and forced those enslaved millions to seek out things that were common among themselves... One of the elements of that blending was the creation of a natural healing regimen that combined the knowledge and experiences of the enslaved Africans with that of indigenous peoples of their new land." Lee emphasizes that this regimen had a preventative philosophy, with the goal: "to be as strong and healthy as you can be so you won't get sick."